Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

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Organization:
United Nations
Adopted:
22 May 1969 (Neue Hofburg, Vienna)
Entered into force:
27 January 1980
Document source:
Abstract:
treaties between States

Contents:

Preamble
Part I: INTRODUCTION
Article 1: Scope of the present Convention
Article 2: Use of terms
Article 3: International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention
Article 4: Non-retroactivity of the present Convention
Article 5: Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization
Part II: CONCLUSION AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF TREATIES
Section 1: CONCLUSION OF TREATIES
Article 6: Capacity of States to conclude treaties
Article 7: Full powers
Article 8: Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization
Article 9: Adoption of the text
Article 10: Authentication of the text
Article 11: Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty
Article 12: Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature
Article 13: Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty
Article 14: Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval
Article 15: Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession
Article 16: Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
Article 17: Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions
Article 18: Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force
Section 2: RESERVATIONS
Article 19: Formulation of reservations
Article 20: Acceptance of and objection to reservations
Article 21: Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations
Article 22: Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations
Article 23: Procedure regarding reservations
Section 3: ENTRY INTO FORCE AND PROVISIONAL APPLICATION OF TREATIES
Article 24: Entry into force
Article 25: Provisional application
Part III: OBSERVANCE, APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES
Section 1: OBSERVANCE OF TREATIES
Article 26: Pacta sunt servanda
Article 27: Internal law and observance of treaties
Section 2: APPLICATION OF TREATIES
Article 28: Non-retroactivity of treaties
Article 29: Territorial scope of treaties
Article 30: Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject-matter
Section 3: INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES
Article 31: General rule of interpretation
Article 32: Supplementary means of interpretation
Article 33: Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages
Section 4: TREATIES AND THIRD STATES
Article 34: General rule regarding third States
Article 35: Treaties providing for obligations for third States
Article 36: Treaties providing for rights for third States
Article 37: Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States
Article 38: Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom
Part IV: AMENDMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TREATIES
Article 39: General rule regarding the amendment of treaties
Article 40: Amendment of multilateral treaties
Article 41: Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only
Part V: INVALIDITY, TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES
Section 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 42: Validity and continuance in force of treaties
Article 43: Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty
Article 44: Separability of treaty provisions
Article 45: Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Section 2: INVALIDITY OF TREATIES
Article 46: Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties
Article 47: Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State
Article 48: Error
Article 49: Fraud
Article 50: Corruption of a representative of a State
Article 51: Coercion of a representative of a State
Article 52: Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force
Article 53: Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)
Section 3: TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES
Article 54: Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Article 55: Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force
Article 56: Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal
Article 57: Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties
Article 58: Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only
Article 59: Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty
Article 60: Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach
Article 61: Supervening impossibility of performance
Article 62: Fundamental change of circumstances
Article 63: Severance of diplomatic or consular relations
Article 64: Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)
Section 4: PROCEDURE
Article 65: Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty
Article 66: Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation
Article 67: Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty
Article 68: Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles
Section 5: CONSEQUENCES OF THE INVALIDITY, TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF A TREATY
Article 69: Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty
Article 70: Consequences of the termination of a treaty
Article 71: Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflict with a peremptory norm of general international law
Article 72: Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty
Part VI: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Article 73: Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities
Article 74: Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties
Article 75: Case of an aggressor State
Part VII: DEPOSITARIES, NOTIFICATIONS, CORRECTIONS AND REGISTRATION
Article 76: Depositaries of treaties
Article 77: Functions of depositaries
Article 78: Notifications and communications
Article 79: Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties
Article 80: Registration and publication of treaties
Part VIII: FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 81: Signature
Article 82: Ratification
Article 83: Accession
Article 84: Entry into force
Article 85: Authentic texts
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