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The string-length function returns the number of characters in the string. You must use &lt; as a substitute for < and &gt; as a substitute for > .
 
//*[string-length(name()) = 3]
Select elements with three-letter name

     <AAA>
          <Q/>
          <SSSS/>
          <BB/>
          <CCC/>
          <DDDDDDDD/>
          <EEEE/>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//*[string-length(name()) < 3]
Select elements name of which has one or two characters

     <AAA>
          <Q/>
          <SSSS/>
          <BB/>
          <CCC/>
          <DDDDDDDD/>
          <EEEE/>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//*[string-length(name()) > 3]
Select elements with name longer than three characters

     <AAA>
          <Q/>
          <SSSS/>
          <BB/>
          <CCC/>
          <DDDDDDDD/>
          <EEEE/>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)