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Declaring namespaces with each element as in Example 2 would be very unconvenient and error prone. The standard provides several ways how to accomplish the task. The namespace declaration given for the current element is also valid for all elements occuring inside the current one (for all children and descendants).


     <lower:aaa xmlns:lower = "http://zvon.org/lowercase" >
          <lower:bbb >
               <lower:ccc />
          </lower:bbb>
          <upper:BBB xmlns:upper = "http://zvon.org/uppercase" >
               <upper:CCC />
          </upper:BBB>
          <xnumber:x111 xmlns:xnumber = "http://zvon.org/xnumber" >
               <xnumber:x222 />
          </xnumber:x111>
     </lower:aaa>