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The ancestor, descendant, following, preceding and self axes partition a document (ignoring attribute and namespace nodes): they do not overlap and together they contain all the nodes in the document.
 
//GGG/ancestor::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//GGG/descendant::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//GGG/following::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//GGG/preceding::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//GGG/self::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)
 
//GGG/ancestor::* | //GGG/descendant::* | //GGG/following::* | //GGG/preceding::* | //GGG/self::*

     <AAA>
          <BBB>
               <CCC/>
               <ZZZ/>
          </BBB>
          <XXX>
               <DDD>
                    <EEE/>
                    <FFF>
                         <HHH/>
                         <GGG>
                              <JJJ>
                                   <QQQ/>
                              </JJJ>
                              <JJJ/>
                         </GGG>
                         <HHH/>
                    </FFF>
               </DDD>
          </XXX>
          <CCC>
               <DDD/>
          </CCC>
     </AAA>
Open the example in XLab. | Tree view (JPG)